The Mobil Super FE Save Fuel are formulated from high quality base oils combined with modern performance additives to give your engine the proven protection and performance you expect under a wide variety of operating conditions, resulting in a long engine life. This advanced technology lubricant contains performance additives to help protect engines during 7500 km oil change or 6 months, whichever comes first. These motor oils provide more efficient fuel consumption because they are classified by the API as engine lubricants "Conservatives Resource" and meet or exceed the industry specification ILSAC GF-5 / API SN latest. These specifications are compatible with earlier performance levels such as API SM, SL, and SJ and previous ILSAC categories. The Mobil Super FE Fuel Save Available in two viscosity grades of multiple multi-viscosity: SAE 5W-20 and 5W-30.
Today a good oil SAE 5W-30 or SAE 10W-30 maintains more than 3.3 cP at shear test simulating the actions in the camshafts, bearings and rings, where 10 years ago I just had to keep 2.9 cP . This represents more than 10% improvement required where the engine without increasing its nominal viscosity, or resistance without increasing fuel consumption. or mean we have almost as much protection viscosity engine parts (bearings and camshafts) with a 5W-30 oil that we had a 40 SAE 10 years ago. or at the same time, the SAE 40 do not readily pumped into the motor. An SAE 5W-30 has the same flowability and pumpability at 0 ° C for a SAE 40 at 23 ° C. or does not mean that all engines requiring SAE 5W-30. You should read the manual and implement the "preferred" viscosity by the manufacturer.
Some people look at the graph of the difference in viscosities (above) and this problem does not relate to the actual oil viscosity. The line represents what happens to viscosity. The problem for the engine is the lack of movement of a viscous oil as the strainer and the oil passages for eventual arrival at all points of the engine. Several studies show a difference of up to 3 minutes between the time a SAE 5W-30 oil reaches the last point of the engine and when it reaches zero the SAE 40 degrees Celsius. The viscous oil which eventually reaches, not passing through the filter. Go directly carrying dirt filter for the relief valve open pressure. And how many people tear your engine with viscous oil and begins to operate normally, without heating When choosing oil viscosity must limit the covered range (between the first and the last number) when the oil is not synthetic. The higher the rank of the viscosities, there are usually more polymers.
Transmission sequential 6-speed Powershift
Theadvanced transmissionPowershift6-speedSequentialcomes equipped withdual clutchmaking the changeswiththe exactprecision towhichthe passagerunfast
andfluid, without interruptingthe flow ofpower andworkingefficiencyoffuel consumption. Thus, it offers a more sportingand comfortable driving, combining all theperformanceofa
manual gearboxwith the convenienceof an automatic. TheSportmode
allowschangeshappensequentiallyusingSelectShiftbutton.
Manual transmission: The new Fiestaalso hasa manualfive-speed transmissionmodernmechanicaland riding pleasure. Thegear ratioshave
beenspecially designed to providea strongstarttotheride andoutstanding
fuel economyof gaitperformance.
BasicFunctional Description Whenstarting the engine,the gearsaredisengagedandclutchcoupling
therotation of themotor.Assuming thatthe automatic modeisselected, the electronic system operatesboth clutchesandsets thefirst
gear.When you stoppressing thebrake pedal,knobpartiallyengagestheclutchesfor theodd
gearsshaft, causing movementof the vehicle infirst gearwhenthe acceleratorgoes
completelyclosing theoddclutchat the same time, is placingsecond gearpairsin allgears.
When you reach thespeed neededfor thegear shift, the system disengages theclutchengagestheodd gearsandgearpairs, wherein the second gearalready selected. At the sametime,the
set ofodd gearsthird gearis selected, leaving the gearready for whenthe engine reachesthespeedinwhich it is necessaryto dothe gearboxagain. Here againtheclutch
changeis repeated, andthird gearis engagedandthe set of pairsis releasedfor the system toplacefourth gear. So you gettosixth gearwith very
little lossof time betweenchanges,
withoutthe need fora torque converteras in conventionalautomatic transmissions.
This is theprocess thatwillspeedsengagingin a process ofaccelerationbut not thesameprocesswhen decelerating. Theoperation is based onthatwhilea gearis engaged,
andconnected bya
correspondingclutchisengagedtoo, althoughdisconnected, the top or bottom. The method that isused to engagethe top or bottomis easy.If the engineis acceleratinguntiltheengine speedwhenchangingto
ahigher gearitengages, if insteadthe
engineis slowingdown gearswill engagebecause theyunderstand thatyou want toinsert alower ratio.
When we speak of hybrid motor we refer to two types of different, commonly electric power and gasoline, that influence to generate the movement of the vehicle. The most common are the parallel hybrid called. In them, the two sources of power work together, separately or in parallel. The invention of hybrid engines were a major challenge for engineers, since they must have produced a car that save gasoline and keep the high speed. This should be possible only with an electric motor, a small engine, and a great pair of batteries to spin the wheels. The key for engineers was maximize the performance of the gasoline, and maintain charged batteries that never need to be recharged. The energy provided by about 2 liters of gasoline requires approximately 205 kg of battery.
Operation of a hybrid engine
A set of gears leading to a chain that connects the wheels of the car. In particular, produced a delicate interaction between gears that determines how much fuel burned car. When the movement begins, the electric motor rotates the outer gear, and this gives you speed without wasting a drop of gasoline. When you win speed, the gasoline engine starts to participate. 4 the power splitter gears start to turn and increase the power of the car. There is a central gear which also kicks in; It is connected to a generator that charges the batteries, and sent extra power to the electric motor. The technology of hybrid cars includes internal monitor that indicates what type of power that is working. The operation of electric cars is ideal for urban, but on road, electric car will need as much, a couple of thousands of kilometres to achieve a complete recharge. Hybrid cars have the advantage of burning gasoline with maximum efficiency, and recharge the battery without compromising power.
A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a transmission that can
change seamlessly through an infinite number of effective gear ratios between
maximum and minimum values. This contrasts with other mechanical transmissions
that offer a fixed number of gear ratios. The flexibility of a CVT allows the
input shaft to maintain a constant angular velocity.
A CVT usually has a low efficiency of 88%, but it can provide a cheap
automatic gear solution by enabling the engine to run at its most efficient
revolutions per minute (RPM) for a range of vehicle speeds, allowing a small
car (CVT can't handle high torques[need quotation to verify]) to have an
acceptable fuel efficiency at low cost.
Alternatively, it can be used to maximize the performance of a vehicle
by allowing the engine to turn at the RPM at which it produces peak power. This
is typically higher than the RPM that achieves peak efficiency. Finally, a CVT
does not strictly require the presence of a clutch. Nevertheless, in some
vehicles (e.g. motorcycles) a centrifugal clutch is added, to facilitate a
"neutral" stance, which is useful when idling or manually reversing
into a parking space.
Uses
A Chain-driven CVT
Many small tractors for home and garden use have simple rubber belt CVTs.
For example, the John Deere Gator line of small utility vehicles uses a belt
with a conical pulley system.CVTs should be distinguished from Power Sharing
Transmissions (PSTs), as used in newer hybrid cars, such as the Toyota Prius,
Highlander and Camry, the Nissan Altima, and newer-model Ford Escape Hybrid
SUVs. CVT technology uses only one input from a prime mover, and delivers
variable output speeds and torque; whereas PST technology uses two prime mover
inputs, and varies the ratio of their contributions to output speed and power.
These transmissions are fundamentally different.
The Ford C-MAX hybrid, Ford C-MAX Energi hybrid, Mitsubishi Lancer,
Proton Inspira, Honda Insight, Honda Fit, and Honda CR-Z hybrids, the Nissan
Tiida/Versa SL and SV models), Nissan Versa Note (S Plus and higher), Nissan
Cube, Juke, Sentra, Altima, Maxima, 2013 1.2 Note, Rogue, X-Trail, Murano,
Sunny, Micra, Honda Capa, Honda Civic GX (CNG), Honda Civic Hybrid, Honda
Accord, Jeep Patriot and Compass, and Subaru Forester Impreza, Legacy and
Outback, Dodge Caliber, and Toyota Corolla offer CVT.
Types
Variable-diameter
pulley (VDP) or Reeves drive
In this most common CVT system, there are two V-belt pulleys that are
split perpendicular to their axes of rotation, with a V-belt running between
them. The gear ratio is changed by moving the two sheaves of one pulley closer
together and the two sheaves of the other pulley farther apart. Due to the
V-shaped cross section of the belt, this causes the belt to ride higher on one
pulley and lower on the other.
Toroidal or
roller-based CVT (Extroid CVT)
Toroidal CVTs are made up of discs and rollers that
transmit power between the discs. The discs can be pictured as two almost
conical parts, point to point, with the sides dished such that the two parts
could fill the central hole of atorus.
One disc is the input, and the other is the output. Between the discs are
rollers which vary the ratio and which transfer power from one side to the
other.
A cvt transmission assembly
By Aaron Hernandez Villalpando
sábado, 2 de agosto de 2014
Direct injection engine
Pollutant emissionsof
hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxidesand
carbon monoxideare reducedup to
99%withthe mediation of athree-way catalyst. Meanwhile,carbon dioxide(CO2) produced as a resultof combustion,beingthe
cause of the"greenhouse effect", can only be reducedbased onlowerfuel consumption. Considering thesefactors, we see
that the injection systemswithexternalmixture formation(injection intothe intake manifoldMPi) are not used to meet these goals,
hence the need to developa system able
tomeet thesecommitments.This system is theengine withfuel injection. Engineswithdirect
fuel injectiontwo mainobjectivesare validfor today andfor the futureare achieved, thesegoals are to reducefuel consumptionandthisalsopollutingexhaust
emissions. The differentcar brandsincreasinglyare choosingto equiptheir modelswithgasolinedirect injection engines.
First it wasthe JapaneseMitsubishiGDienginewith, nowfollowedwithIDERenaultengines thePSAGroupwithHPiengine,
andVolkswagenwithFSiengines.
If we
comparethe
fuel injection systemonthe
manifolds(also called indirect
injectionMPI) withdirect fuel injection, we understand why the
latter ishigher than the first. Injectorsgasoline engine(MPI) are often located inthe intake manifold,
which explains the nameof these
systems.Thefuel is injectedin frontofa
closedoropenupthe valveand isalmost completelymixedwiththe intake airin
each ofthe nozzles ofvalvemanifold. Butthis
mixtureofairandinjected fuelmistdoes not allowperfectexplosionin the cylinderif it is notprepared in accordance witha precisestoichiometricratio comprisedwithin veryspecific limits
In systemsofdirect
fuel injection, fuel is injecteddirectly
intothe combustion chamberand
not in themanifold orintake
port, which offers advantagesin
story toengine efficiency. Thefuel injection systemsofgasolinewere
developedseveral decades agoby
abomb he was carryingfuel toan injectorplaced inthe combustion chamber, however theproblems presentedbythe
high costand emissions. Other important featuresofthissystem, andtheposition of the injectorinthe combustion chamberare: Precisioninjection time: Inindirect injectionengines,
is not as importanta time whenfuel injectionis performed,however,direct injectioninjectionshould be doneat the stage ofadmission and /or compression. High pressureinjection: The fuel mustbe injectedat high pressure tofacilitatesprayingand propermixture
with air.
Piston head: The piston headhas formsthat allowthe
formation of turbulencewithinthe
combustion chamberto improveair-fuel
mixtureand /or
directthe mixture ata specific
spaceas close to thespark plug,to improve combustion.
On some engines,direct injectionstratified chargethatfuelis injectedat two
times,the firsttime, inthe intake phaseand
the secondcompressionis used
when theairis locatednear the spark plug, which causesthemixtureturnswhichisclose to
theplug, leaving therest of theleancylinder
withlight, onlyexpands,thiscombined
mixtureis usedwhenthe engine wasnot requiretoo much power, asmay
be the casecityorwhen travelingat constantspeedon level ground. Moreover,thecombustion takes placenear the spark plugandthe restofthe mixtureto swellonlyproducesa lower temperatureinthe cylinder wallto improveengine performance.